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Mees line, Lindsay nails Muehrcke lines (see below), and dotted Leukonychia, have opportunities related to
muehrcke nail line.
Muehrcke lines are considered the double whitish areas that run along the horizontal of the nail.
This condition is named after the physician Robert Muehrcke. He first described the condition in the British Med Journal in 1956.
Muehrcke’s Rijen Symptoms
Muehrcke’s lines tend to be multiple nails on time. Usually there are no rows in miniature.
Some characteristics of Muehrcke Rijen:
- White tires walk nail from side to side.
- Lines are usually more clearly visible on the second, third, and fourth fingers.
- The nail The bed looks healthy between the lines.
- Lines do not behave as such. the nail grows.
- Lines do not cause dents the nail .
- Pressing nails have no parts for the time being.
Causes of Muerke Rijen
The exact cause of Muerke’s Rijen is not clear. The part is not caused by trauma to the cuticle or nail area.
The columns are associated with low levels of a protein called albumin. Albumin is found in blood. It is created in the liver.
Albumin plays an important role in many bodily functions. It ensures that water does not leak from your blood vessels. It also helps move hormones, vitamins, and medications through your body.
Although low albumin levels are most associated with liver damage, almost all types of systemic (systemic) diseases increase the likelihood of low albumin levels.Some Muehrcke’s have been diagnosed with the following people
- Cancer after chemotherapy
- Kidney disease, including nephropathy syndromes and glomerulonephritis
- Liver disease, including cirrhosis
- Imbalanced diets leading to a critical shortage of body calories (severe malnutrition)
A possible doctrine for the occurrence of marke rien is that these diseases actually lead to edema of the the nail Bed. The swelling puts pressure on the blood vessels running underneath. the nail This causes a color configuration.
Parts are diagnosed with old people who have undergone chemotherapy and have normal albumin levels.Muerke’s column is most commonly seen in people with very low albumin levels.
Muerke’s Rijen Treatment
If the albumin level is very low, albumin can be given via vein (infusion or intravenously).
If the albumin content is normal or nearly normal, the lines usually disappear. However, the normal spectrum may vary depending on the laboratory where the blood was studied. Always consult a physician regarding the results of the test.
Other healing depends on the disease or condition that caused the nail formation.
Sources indicate.
South American General Practitioner Web site, “Nail Anomalies: Instructions for Systemic Diseases.”
South American Magazine for Medicine Web site: “Muehrcke’s Lines.
Website Laboratory Investigations: “Albumin: An Analysis”.
Scher, R. K. Scher & amp; Daniel: Nails: Diagnosis, Treatment, Surgery, 3rd edition, Saunders Elsevier, 2005.
James, W. D.; Burger, T. G.; Elston, D. M., ed. Andrews’ Disease of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology, 11th edition, Saunders Elsevier, 2011.
Merck Manual of Medical Services Internet site: “Acrocyanosis”.
Muehrcke, R. BritishMedical Journal, 1956.
American Journal of Medicine, November 2010.
Morrison-Bryant, M. NewEngland Journal of Medicine, 2007.
White nail
Author, Linda Mardiross, Ottawa Research Institute, Canada. Hana Numan, Senior Medical Fellow, Dermnet (2022) Former member: Hong A/ Professor Amanda Oakle.
Edited by Dermnet Content Department
Table of Contents
Arrow-Prava-schall
What are white nails ?
A white nail Also known as Leukonychia, is considered selective or complete discoloration the nail Plates on one or more fingers or toenails.
White nails Very common. nail dyschromia. The nail Loses his own artistic iridescent color and looks like snow.
White nail
Parallel stripes of leukonychia as a result of repeated chemotherapy.
‘Half and half nail Leukonychia meets in the proximal half. the nail
Leukonychia due to hypoalbuminemia.
How is a white nail classified?
Leukonychia can be classified based on the primary pathology, its spread, or how it develops.
Layout by pathology
Leukonychia can be divided into real and indisputable discolorations
- Real Leukonychia: discoloration due to abnormal keratinized plates. nail Keratinized plates. White nail Does not use pressure surreptitiously the nail plate to the bed.
- Apparent Leukonychia: secondary to disease the nail Beds. This outdoor pattern disappears when pressure n is used the nail .
Classified according to distribution
Leukonychia can be selective or absolute
- General Leukonychia: changes white from whole body nail plate.
- Selective Leukonychia: 3 subtypes described.
- Pointed
- Longitudinal
- Stripe (see below).
Classification into development schedule
White nails Can be acquired or congenital.
- Congenital: the dominant pattern is probably so, although the homely leuconychia is more often inherited to boredom. It is related to mutations in the delta-1 phospholipase C gene. all nails See milky white and porcelain white.
- Acquired: secondary to systemic disease. However, it is important to note that natural albino bones can still be secondary to systemic disease (see below).
Who gets a white nail ?
White nails Gender, age, or national adjustments can prevent this. Their presence can justify systemic disease.
What causes a white nail ?
Trauma
- Genuine Leukonychia: selective or total. nail Trauma-induced plate damage. the nail Plate or matrix. Noncompliance with keratin and violation of the enclosed air inside the the nail plate itself resulting in lack of brilliance and transparency.
- Pit Roy Konichia: plays after nail Implementation of biting, manipulation, beating and striking, and impenetrable shoes.
- Shear leukonychia: also known as partmeese or transverse leukonychia. the nail Matrix; there are still good opportunities for borrowing and rebellion to occur.
- Ordinary Leukonychia: Ability to follow in the footsteps of more nonsense trauma, often, the nail plate from the nail Bed and Change the nail contour.
Addiction and Drugs
Mees line, Lindsay nails Muehrcke lines (see below), and dotted Leukonychia, have opportunities related to
- Heavy metal poisoning (e.g., lead, arsenic)
- Chemotherapy
- Sulfonamides.
There are three apparent leukonychia islands most likely associated with systemic disease
- muehrcke lines: observable, inoperable, horizontal (transverse) whitish rows of chets the nail as a result of various blood flows.
- Lindsay nails (half-and-half nails ): proximal whitish or pink. nail Distal darkening.
- Terry nails : bleaching of the majority. the nail Distal darkening narrow 0.5 to 3.0 mm.
Systemic disease
Terry nails Associated with:
- Cirrhosis of the liver
- Chronic diseases
- Cardiac failure
- Hypoalbuminemia (e.g., due to protein polymorphisms such as colitis)
- Protein enteropathy
- Diabetes mellitus
- Iron deficiency (anemia)
- Zinc
- Hyperthyroidism.
Lindsay nails Associated with:
- Chronic diseases
- Psoriasis.
The muehrcke line is associated with
What are the clinical features of white nail ?
Genuine Leukonychia with selective distribution:
- Panto-Leukonychia:
- The most common configuration of true leukonychia is.
- It is described as small white painted spots the nails
- usually the result of trauma and isolation. few nails .
- small, white longitudinal stripes.
- It occurs in people with Darier’s disease or Haley-Haley’s disease.
- One or many white horizontal stripes across the body. nail Parallel to the lunula.
Patients with multiple actual albino bones urgently require a thorough history, physical examination, and drug evaluation to rule out toxic or systemic etiologies. This is also true for albino bones extending across the entire width of the skin. the nail plate.
How do the clinical features vary with different skin types?
They look the same with different skin types.
What is the WOR of whiteheads? nail ?
White nails Cosmetic discomfort, but does not cause physical complications per se, although it can be a marker for important systemic diseases.
How is a white nail diagnosed?
Making a diagnosis is very difficult with the collection of anamnesis and physical examination. However, when the underlying cause is unknown, the right tests can help.
- Nail trimming to rule out fungal infection
- Nail biopsy
- Blood tests to evaluate systemic disorders, especially active kidney and liver tests.
Differential diagnosis of whiteheads nail ?
- Onychomycosis (also known as pseudo-whitehead bone) is a skin disease. the nail Plaques are caused by external factors
- onycholysis
- Psoriasis of the nails
- Trachionychia (dystrophy of 20 nails)
- Vitiligo of the nail .
Onychomycosis
White discoloration of distal portion of nail Plates with superficial white onychomycosis
How to treat white nail ?
Treatment ultimately depends on the presence of an underlying cause.
There is no cure for trauma-related leucomycosis. Petechial losses disappear when they the nail Natural standard of lifting will follow (approximately 6-9 months prior to the nail).
How to Prevent Whiteheads nail ?
Prevention of trauma-induced albino bone certainly helps prevent whiteheads from turning into whiteheads nails .
- Avoid contact with irritating medications and wear appropriate protective clothing if contact is necessary.
- Avoid unnecessary use of nail improper cleaning or excessive mechanical impact. nail Apply/ Remove.
- Picking and biting to a minimum limit nails .
- Wear suitable footwear to prevent excessive pressure on toes.
- Apply moisturizing cream for hydration nails .
What is the Basis for Whiteheads nail ?
Whiteheads caused by minor trauma or medication may disappear completely within a few months. Otherwise, they can turn white nail thin layer stays forever or shows recurrence.
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