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Thyroid cancer It occurs when cancer cells form a mass in the tissue the thyroid It is caused by the larynx. The thyroid It is an important gland consisting of two lobes on either side of the Thyroid gland cancer There are four main tribes. These are directed by the mass formation and the way the cells look when viewed under a microscope. These tribes are papillary, follicular medullary and aplastic. each tribe yields a personal healing pattern and personal follow-up. In this post, medullary thyroid cancer explain this in detail.
What is thyroid cancer?
As one type of thyroid cancers , medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a relatively rare form, and this is only 3-10% of all species that medicine has. of thyroid cancer who know medicine. Other tribes of cancer found in the thyroid get follicle cells, MTC is made of neuroendocrine cells. That is, the cells function as if they are part of the nervous system. cancer cells found in MTCs do the thyroid even because they are thought to be mutations of destroyed cells commonly called para- paraphollicular cells. Still known as C cells, the paraphollicular cells are specialized cells that isolate a hormone called calcitonin, which the body uses to regulate bone growth and calcium content in the blood. For the sake of specialization, these cells share common characteristics with cells of the nervous system, but there are also endocrine cells that are distinct from other cells. cancers of the thyroid .
Medullary thyroid cancer In many cases, they are transferred from caregivers to offspring. or medullary thyroid cancer They are an important risk factor for disease. As a rule, screening for familial inheritance is considered necessary because genetic problems are present in up to 20% of all MTC cases. In particular, screening for male syndromes caused by problems with RET proto-oncogenes (rearranged during transfection) is very important.2 STAM syndrome is generally associated with the highest risk of of medullary thyroid cancer :
- Men who have any chance of causing MTC, hyperparathyroidism, and pheochromocytoma 2A
- Men who have a high chance of causing MTC, pheochromocytoma, and multiple gangliomas 2B
What are the signs of thyroid cancer?
Problematic, in almost all cases of medullary thyroid cancer It is considered asymptomatic. This means that the martist is not aristocratic enough to realize that something is wrong. More common symptoms are nodules in the throat, which are often very large and visible or have every chance to be felt under the skin. These nodules can cause significant problems when swallowing or cause difficulty when the patient lies on his back. When. the cancer they spread to surrounding structures. the thyroid Patients may perceive increased lymph node, shortness of breath, ho voice. These are all fairly serious symptoms and should be seen by a physician immediately if they are noticed.
How to diagnose thyroid cancer
Diagnosing medullary thyroid cancer A correct diagnosis includes important points that ensure that the patient gets the right cure, and a wrong diagnosis has the opportunity to lead to further complications. Doctors can use all kinds of tests to ensure that they are making a sharp and correct diagnosis.
Tests
Description
Calcitonin.
Testing blood for incorrect calcitonin levels is considered the usual way to test for correct function the thyroid field – a calcitonin value that is altered can be an excellent marker of calcitonin levels of cancer Can also be used to screen people for medullary thyroid cancer .
CEA (caritinombric antigen).
CEA is a substance excreted by MTC cancer cells in advanced cases. It can be found in the blood and can be used as an indicator for repeat the cancer Also, guidelines for severity the cancer present in patients.
Ultrasound
Ultrasound can be used the thyroid to locate and analyze lymph nodes. However, it is not advanced enough to detect benign and malignant tumors. It tests for symptoms of tumor preservation and usually also helps in monitoring the neck.
FNA (fine needle aspiration).
FNA organism is probably the truest analysis when it comes to determining the nature of of thyroid Mass and prominence. By removing cells from the masses and examining them under a microscope, the medical professional is most likely to make an unimaginably true diagnosis with 95-98% accuracy.FNA biopsies are often performed in combination with ultrasound to ensure clear placement of the needle.
MRI, CT, or PETCT Scan
Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography are considered the most advanced imaging studies in progressive medicine and all have the potential to help in diagnosis. medullary thyroid cancer Field Image Composition the thyroid The surrounding structures can then give the medical staff an accurate picture of the displacement and distribution of the disease. of cancers .
Genetic
If a patient is associated with a genetic release of a proto-neoplastic RET mutation, he or she should undergo genetic studies to map the nature of the mutation. For example, this must be done for all members of the family. This is because it is suitable for testing and treatment of possible future cases in the family and possible significant further treatment.
How can thyroid cancer be treated?
Medullary thyroid cancer , like many other cancers Thyroid cancer can be treated with chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation. Each of these treatments has its own limitations and strengths.
1. surgery
Should the cancer If detected in its early stages, surgery can help cure it. Surgery is performed to remove the cancerous mass from the body the thyroid and possibly remove lymph nodes to prevent metastasis. the cancer to prevent it from spreading. In most cases, the lymph nodes are removed because the patient already has lymph node disease and because many of the lymph nodes are already diseased at the time of surgery. the thyroid is removed, the cancer They are preserved. Therefore, the lymph nodes must be mapped in advance. It must be determined if the lymph nodes need to be removed. In most cases, a thyroidectomy is required. This means that the entire lymph node must be removed. the thyroid It must be removed completely.
2 Radiation
Radiation is a common treatment. of medullary thyroid cancer Especially when there is a greater risk than the tumor the cancer returning. If the cancer penetrates the structures around the throat. the thyroid Often the threat of destroying the remaining cancer cells must be irradiated. Doing so prevents the need for repeated or new surgeries. Initial therapy is usually given after surgery to assure maximum efficacy.
3. protein kinase inhibitors
Protein kinase inhibitors are used to block abnormal kinase proteins so that they cannot precipitate into the next cancer cell. These shattered or mutated proteins are involved in cancer recovery. of medullary thyroid cancer Often, chemotherapy must block them the cancer not to return. As with most chemotherapy treatments, these inhibitors have a variety of side effects ranging from nausea and diarrhea to more serious problems such as heart defects, high blood pressure, and bleeding.
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