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One of the complications of cancer is malignant pleural effusion The location of an abnormal water count plan between the two layers of tissue (between the outer, non-energetic part of the pleura and wall of the thoracic cavity. This usually occurs in patients with advanced non-serious cancer or breast cancer with an incidence of up to 65%. Other causes are lymphomas. and pleural mesothelioma.
Symptoms of malignant pleural effusion.
Malignant pleural effusion It causes unpleasant symptoms such as modern luminosity and cough. Often these symptom loads are affected by these symptoms. For example, a more bothersome sensation can be felt in certain postures. Leaning forward and to one side increases pressure on the non ender. That is exactly what may cause pressure on the affected non-ender and increase the signs.
Diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion
Diagnosis is based on clinical findings and laboratory evaluation. Signs that persist for more than a month without fever are more likely to point to the condition. Subsequent evaluation is based on the following investigations
1. chest imaging.
This helps to prove the diagnosis of pleural effusion The initial evaluation in the field is usually based on a simple X x-ray of the chest. This helps to prove underlying pulmonary disease. pleural effusion Further evaluation with ultrasound helps to distinguish malignant pleural effusion other reasons, is very sensitive (73%) and specific (100%). This analysis can indicate the presence of of pleural seeding (metastasis) and thickening of the cancer. the pleura This is more than 1 cm. There is also the presence of lymph nodes, thickening of the diaphragm, thickening to more than 7 mm, and visible zaculo the pleural Moisture. They recognize the presence of pleural effusion It is probably caused by a malignancy .
2. biochemical analysis
Malignant pleural effusion caused by the fluid (exudate) produced by the cancer cells. The low pH of water is generally associated with inadequate healing and survival responses.
3. histopathology
Microscopy the pleural Cellular moisture (cytology) is considered positive in most cases. If unknown, a pleural biopsy may be necessary. This can be done with the help of image conduction and thoracoscopy for safety and sensitivity; the sensitivity of a biopsy under the guidance of a CT scan is 87%, while the sensitivity of a blind cone biopsy is less than 50%. 4.
4. biomarkers
Malignant pleural effusion It can be identified by of pleural liquid biomarkers and can be distinguished from other types of examples. effusion . These biomarkers that have the opportunity to eliminate benign (noncancerous) disease are endobacteria, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases, and other tumor markers such as oncogenic embryo rh factor. A biomarker called mesothelin has higher sensitivity and greater specificity of detection than cytology. of malignant mesothelioma.
Treatment of malignant effusions
Since the presence of malignant pleural effusion Referring to neglected cancers, the goal of treatment is palliation, meaning that the symptoms do not cure the cancer, but rather reduce and improve the quality of life. These curative measures probably include the following
1. chest
If the amount of water is not serious, the physician has the opportunity to forget without healing. However, if it causes severe symptoms, the chest can be used to surgically remove the water. However, the fluid often returns because the cancer is still present.
2. pleurodesis
Recurrent malignant pleural effusions Often causes dyspnea which can affect the patient’s quality of life. Almost all patients feel more comfortable than others after the procedure called thymus. A tube is brought in between the thymus. the pleura Application of a preparation of tarti between the membranes. This causes inflammation and leads to a merger of the two membranes, preventing the accumulation of water in the thoracic cavity. the pleural space.
3. tunneling pleural catheter.
Another common procedure is to insert a catheter into the chamber. the pleural chamber. A small tube is brought into the chamber under the skin. the pleural In space. A small hole is made in the skin and closed with a bandage. The catheter allows the individual to combine the support of the vacuum holder with the liquid (with the support of the nearest person). This is usually indicated on recurrence malignant pleural effusion designated after a chest puncture. This helps relieve dyspnea and increases comfort.
4. surgery
A persistent pleural effusion If the patient does not respond to other methods, the abdominal cavity can be treated surgically to drain the water. This is called a pleurectomy. Part of the intestine is removed. the pleura .
Another fresh healing method is called pleurectomy. In some cases, chemotherapy still helps in the healing process. malignant pleural effusion It is associated with some forms of cancer, such as smallling non-smallling carcinoma. However, it may not be as effective in patients with non-small intestinal carcinomas.
Prognosis of Malignant Pleural Effusion
As mentioned earlier, this condition often indicates the presence of advanced stages of noncancerous or breast cancer. Patients in these stages are often poorly followed. The average life expectancy is less than 6 months. Statistics show that the average survival time (50% dead, 50% still alive) is 4 months.
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