How Do Fat Burners Work

Contents

Don’t go too low on calories: During your targeted diet phase, the key is to stay in a slight caloric deficit—that means consuming fewer calories than you burn. But don’t think that fewer is always better! It’s a common myth of fat loss, particularly among women, that an extreme calorie deficit is a good way to get more out of a fat burner.

The Complete Guide To Fat Burners

You’ve heard of fat burners, those pills that can make fat melt off your body like ice cream on a hot summer day, right? Well, sorry to burst your bubble, but even the best fat burners aren’t magic. They’re just supplements. That means that even though they’re designed with ingredients that can really give you an extra boost to help burn fat, they can’t replace a solid diet and exercise plan.

But as part of a complete, healthy plan to lose weight, fat burners can definitely play a role. Use this guide to help you determine what a fat burner can—and can’t—do for you, and to give you the tools to make yours as effective as possible!

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Fat-Burner Basics

What Do Fat Burners Do?
Do Fat Burners Work?
Are Fat Burners Safe?
What Is In The Best Fat Burners?
How Do I Know If My Fat Burner Is Working?

What Do Fat Burners Do?

Think of fat burners like a scope on a hunting rifle, only you’re trying to hunt fat cells.

In this metaphor, your diet is the gun, and exercise is the ammunition. Fat burners may help you aim a bit better and target fat more efficiently. But without the heavy artillery of your diet, and some bullets in the chamber, a scope is just good for looking at things from far away—not for bringing home results!

So, what is a fat burner? As explained in the journal Obesity Reviews, the term “fat burner” is used to describe “nutrition supplements that are claimed to acutely increase fat metabolism or energy expenditure, impair fat absorption, increase weight loss, increase fat oxidation during exercise, or somehow cause long-term adaptations that promote fat metabolism.”[1] However, that’s a wide range of functions, and in pill form especially, it can mean a lot of things! So, let’s dig a little deeper.

How do fat burners work? Some of the key ingredients used in fat burners are designed to stimulate hormonal reactions in the body, and to begin breaking down fat and using it as a fuel source.

The main ingredient in most fat burners is caffeine, which helps you lose weight by increasing your metabolism and helping the body use fat for fuel. It also helps provide energy for exercise and other calorie-burning activities. In the body, caffeine increases the breakdown of fatty acids that reside in adipose tissue—also known as belly fat. Once the fatty acids are broken down, they enter the bloodstream and can be burned up by our bodies to create energy.

One thing a fat burner won’t do, however, is fix a broken diet. If you’re eating for healthy fat loss, the way Krissy Kendall, Ph.D., explains in the comprehensive guide “How to Lose Weight,” then a thermogenic fat burner can help with the other stuff: boosting energy, helping to curb appetite, promoting fat to be used for energy, and even increasing your metabolism and core temperature—what is known as “thermogenesis”—so you burn more calories throughout the day.

Do Fat Burners Work?

Yes, they do…as long as you have reasonable expectations of what a fat burner “working” means.

Some people believe if they’re using a fat burner, they should be able to melt huge amounts of fat off each week. Not gonna happen! But here are some ways you can help a fat burner do its work.

Set reasonable expectations: While your rate of fat loss can be enhanced with supplements, you won’t be dropping 10 pounds in a week simply because you’re using a thermogenic supplement. Sorry!

Remember this number: A safe rate of fat loss is 1-3 pounds per week, for average, healthy individuals. You can push this rate up to 4 pounds per week on rare occasions, but it’s not sustainable. Eventually, your body will hit a plateau and fat loss will slow.

If you’re dropping weight too quickly, on a fat burner or not, you could be losing lots of lean muscle mass. Unless you want to look like a shapeless coat hanger—and feel as healthy and athletic as one—you should rethink your fat-loss plan.

Set your weight-loss goals from week to week and month to month, not day to day. When you meet incremental goals over time, you’ll stay more motivated and see great results from your program. Sure, some weeks you may not see any results—that’s to be expected. But with the help of a fat burner, your fat loss will stay on track over the longer term.

Cycle your fat burner: Even the best thermogenic fat burner won’t keep giving results forever. Sorry!

“Many people use thermogenics because they can help reach weight-loss goals in a shorter period of time. They can also boost energy levels at the gym. But chronic usage can increase your tolerance,” explains Krissy Kendall, Ph.D., in the article “What Supplements Should I Be Cycling?”

“I encourage people to cycle their fat burners,” Kendall explains. “People are typically on a fat burner for 4-6 weeks. Once your body gets used to it, you’re not going to see the same increase in fat oxidation or increase in metabolic rates. By stopping using your fat burner every now and then, you make sure it will still help you lose belly fat.”

The only problems she says, is that since caffeine is considered a drug, you can experience withdrawal effects when you stop taking it.

“The withdrawal effects are the worst 1-2 days without it, and they linger on for about seven days,” Kendall says, “but most people will say after about a week of it, your body starts to adapt to life without it.”

Kendall recommends staying off your fat burner for a couple weeks, then starting back up again—ideally at a lower dose that what you were taking before you stopped.

Start at a low dose: Fat burners are designed specifically to give you the proper doses of various ingredients to support fat loss. But that doesn’t mean that the more of the ingredients you take, the more results you’ll see. Supplement manufacturers state the serving guidelines and directions so you can have a way of measuring what dose works best for you.

It’s always best to start with the lowest dose listed on the package and stay at that dose for at least two weeks. After that, you can determine if you want to bump up the dose to the higher end of the spectrum if it’s listed on the packaging. If the product lists only one serving size, don’t go above it.

Make muscle a priority: It’s a common approach to simply take a thermogenic, hop on the nearest cardio machine, and dream of being smaller. But your body deserves better than this approach!

Along with your nutrition and supplements, you should follow a comprehensive training program that maximizes fat loss while also minimizing muscle loss. When sustainable weight loss is the goal, muscle is your friend! It burns calories, gives your body shape, and allows you to stay active and feel good doing it.

The most popular weight-loss programs in BodyFit share a common thread: they make you sweat, but also encourage a healthy overall body composition and muscle growth. If you want to stay lean for the long term, you need more than just to “cut!”

5 Popular Weight-Loss Programs:

Jim Stoppani’s 6-Week Shortcut to Shred
Lee Labrada’s 12-Week Lean Body Trainer
Transformed: 12 Weeks to Your Best Self
Alpha M’s Tailored: 6 Weeks to Living Lean
FYR: Hannah Eden’s 30-Day Fitness Plan

Are Fat Burners Safe?

As long as you take a reasonable approach to your overall nutrition and keep a watch on your stimulant intake, fat burners can be a safe way to increase your results. Here are the biggest rules to keep in mind.

Don’t diet forever: To be clear, no, you don’t need to be on a diet for the rest of your life to lose weight. As registered nutritionist Paul Salter explains in the article “Your No-BS Guide to Effective Weight Loss,” a concise timeframe is the best way to get results.

“If you’re serious about losing weight, plan on dieting for 10-14 weeks,” Salter writes. “This will give you enough time to fine-tune your diet for your particular food preferences and activity level. If you cheat on your plan occasionally, just get back to it and keep moving forward.”

After your diet, and once you cycle off of your fat burner, it’s important to bump your calories back up to or above what is known as “maintenance,” where your calories and calorie burn are roughly equal. One popular way to do this is what is known as a “reverse diet,” where you gradually and systematically raise calories. Registered dietician Katie Coles explains how in her article “The Ultimate Guide to Reverse Dieting.”

Don’t go too low on calories: During your targeted diet phase, the key is to stay in a slight caloric deficit—that means consuming fewer calories than you burn. But don’t think that fewer is always better! It’s a common myth of fat loss, particularly among women, that an extreme calorie deficit is a good way to get more out of a fat burner.

“Plenty of diets cut calories seriously low, at least at first, and they get results. But not forever,” explains Susan Hewlings, Ph.D., RD, in Bodybuilding.com’s Foundations of Fitness Nutrition course. “Past a certain point, restricting calories doesn’t predictably lead to weight loss—and if it does, it’s in ways that aren’t healthy, and it definitely won’t feel pleasant or sustainable for you.”

Remember, the ultimate goal is feeling good and being healthy, not just looking lean! A good goal to have in mind is to eat the highest amount of calories you can, while still losing some weight.

Be careful with stimulants: If you can’t start your day without a cup of coffee and you drink another 3-4 throughout your day, be careful about choosing a stimulant fat burner. Most fat burners, unless they specifically say they are stimulant-free, contain caffeine, yohimbine, or other stimulants.

While you will definitely love the energizing benefits you’d get from such a high caffeine intake, if you’re mixing fat burners with multiple cups of coffee or any other caffeine-containing beverage, there is an upper limit for the effectiveness of stimulants—and it’s different for everyone.

As nutritionist Alan Flanagan explains in the article “Why Less Sleep Equals More Body Fat,” cutting into the quality of your rest—which excessive stimulants definitely can do—can lead directly to more fat gain.

Also, most people who have taken fat burners consistently can tell you at least one story about a time they got more than they bargained for from a single dose and ended up sweaty, jittery, and feeling a little out of sorts.

So before you even get started on your fat burner, make sure to shop around a bit and find the one that best matches your needs and preferences. Read reviews of the most popular fat burners, and don’t just jump on the first one you see.

What Is In The Best Fat Burners?

There are two main kinds of fat burners: those containing stimulants, and those which are stimulant-free.

Most (but not all) thermogenic fat burners contain stimulants, usually including caffeine. Caffeinated fat burners are good for people who find it difficult to summon up the energy to do a vigorous workout or lengthy cardio session.

“[Caffeine] helps burn fat, and help athletes do more work for longer periods in the gym and in sport,” explains Robert Wildman, Ph.D., RD, in the article “Boost Your Workout with Caffeine.”

Caffeine is also a potent appetite suppressant for those who find that their ravenous cravings get in the way of their results. So yes, there’s a very good reason that it’s such a popular ingredient in fat-burning supplements!

As effective as caffeine is, though, it’s far from the only ingredient in popular fat burners. And it becomes even more effective when combined with some of the others.

But to be clear, just because a fat burner has more ingredients doesn’t make it better! Especially if you’re new to fat burners, focusing on a few essential ingredients like these is a good place to start.

Green Tea: Green tea and green tea extracts have been shown to activate the body’s thermogenic fat-burning activity. A study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that men who ingested the active ingredient in green tea (catechins) significantly reduced their total fat area, waist circumference, skinfold thickness, and subcutaneous fat area.[2] As exercise physiologist Nick Coker explains in the article “Your Expert Guide to Green Tea,” taking this ingredient with caffeine has been shown to make it even more effective.

L‐carnitine: This stimulant-free amino acid has been physique athletes’ secret weapon for decades. Taken once or twice daily with food, it can also help your body convert stored body fat into energy, leaving you leaner and more defined. It does this by breaking up fatty acids so the body can use them for fuel. As Jim Stoppani, Ph.D., explains in “Your Expert Guide to L-Carnitine,” it has also been shown in studies to support recovery from workouts, reduce muscle damage, and even reduce exercise-induced muscle soreness.

CLA: Conjugated linoleic acid, or CLA, is a naturally occurring fatty acid, similar to an omega-6 fatty acid. Even though CLA is a fat, studies show that consuming 1.4-3.0 grams per day can lead to overall body-fat loss.[3,4] It can also help you retain muscle during periods of weight loss, as kinesiologist Ciaran Fairman, Ph.D., explains in the article “Your Expert Guide to CLA.” Remember, muscle is your ally for long-term success!

Yohimbine: This ingredient, made from the bark of the yohimbe tree, is a popular stimulant in fat burners. It has been shown in a well-known study to produce significantly better fat loss results than a placebo among well-trained soccer players.[5] However, more research is definitely needed, and yohimbine isn’t for everyone! If you’re prone to anxiety or are very sensitive to stimulants, proceed with caution when it comes to yohimbine. Some people find it makes them very jittery or anxious.

Garcinia cambogia: As nutritionist Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., explains in the article “Fat-Loss Hope Or Hype: The Truth About Garcinia Cambogia,” this caffeine-free acidic fruit extract has become very popular in recent years. As long as you take it properly, he explains, it can offer potent appetitive-control benefits.

How Do I Know If My Fat Burner Is Working?

Once you find the best fat burner for your goals, give it 2-3 weeks to work before you begin assessing progress or results.

But after that time, definitely track your progress to see how your goals are shaping up! Whether you take progress photos, body-part measurements, body-fat measurements, or just track your weight on a scale, you won’t know if a product is helping you see results if you don’t know your starting point.

References

Jeukendrup, A. E., & Randell, R. (2011). Fat burners: nutrition supplements that increase fat metabolism. Obesity Reviews, 12(10), 841-851.
Nagao, T., Komine, Y., Soga, S., Meguro, S., Hase, T., Tanaka, Y., & Tokimitsu, I. (2005). Ingestion of a tea rich in catechins leads to a reduction in body fat and malondialdehyde-modified LDL in men–. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 81(1), 122-129.
Mougios, V., Matsakas, A., Petridou, A., Ring, S., Sagredos, A., Melissopoulou, A., . & Nikolaidis, M. (2001). Effect of supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid on human serum lipids and body fat. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 12(10), 585-594.
Blankson, H., Stakkestad, J. A., Fagertun, H., Thom, E., Wadstein, J., & Gudmundsen, O. (2000). Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat mass in overweight and obese humans. The Journal of Nutrition, 130(12), 2943-2948.
Yohimbine: the effects on body composition and exercise performance in soccer players. Ostojic, S. M. (2006). Yohimbine: the effects on body composition and exercise performance in soccer players. Research in Sports Medicine, 14(4), 289-299.

Do Fat Burners Melt Away Pounds? An Expert Weighs In

In our size-obsessed culture, weight loss is big business. Americans spend more than $2 billion a year on weight-loss pills. But do these so-called “fat burner” supplements work? And more importantly — are they safe?

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“Proceed with caution,” warns registered dietitian Melissa Matteo, RD. To better understand fat burners, Matteo tells us if they work, what’s in them and some healthier and safer alternatives.

What are fat burners?

Fat burners are dietary supplements that might contain natural or artificial compounds. The products claim to help people lose pounds and get a more sculpted shape.

Do fat burners work?

The answer? Maybe. But don’t expect any miracles.

Despite their name, fat burners don’t actually make fat cells go up in smoke. Instead, they attempt to drive weight loss in other ways. They might:

Increase your metabolism, so you burn more calories.
Reduce the amount of fat your gut absorbs.
Suppress your appetite, so you consume fewer calories.

At least, that’s how they work in theory. Some of the ingredients found in fat burners have been linked to small amounts of weight loss. But most of these supplements haven’t been tested in scientific studies.

More importantly, though, fat burners aren’t regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). That means manufacturers can make all sorts of claims about their products, even if they have no evidence to back them up. “Because the FDA doesn’t regulate them, we don’t really know their effectiveness,” Matteo cautions.

Common ingredients in fat burners

There are dozens of ingredients in weight-loss supplements, including herbal ingredients and other compounds. Some of the more common ingredients are:

Caffeine

Caffeine stimulates your nervous system and might help burn calories. But supplements can contain a lot more caffeine than coffee, tea, chocolate or other natural sources. Too much caffeine can cause nervousness, jitteriness, insomnia — and even a dangerously high heart rate.

Green tea extract

Many fat burners contain extracts made from green tea. This ingredient might help burn calories and may reduce the amount of fat you absorb from food. “But the amount of weight loss isn’t that significant,” Matteo says. “You’d probably burn more calories by taking a brisk walk each day.”

Carnitine

This compound helps with your metabolism and gives you energy. It’s found in many types of meat and dairy products, and your liver and kidneys make it naturally. But research on its weight-loss benefits is mixed. Too much carnitine can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and a fishy body odor.

Yohimbe

This plant compound comes from the bark of an evergreen tree. It’s found in many weight-loss supplements, but there’s very little research on it. What’s more, it can be dangerous. Yohimbe can cause headaches, anxiety, agitation and increased blood pressure. At high doses, it can even cause heart problems and kidney failure.

Soluble fiber

Some fat burners contain ingredients high in soluble fiber. “Fiber doesn’t increase fat burn but it helps control appetite. And soluble fiber can help prevent your body from absorbing some of the fat from the foods you eat,” Matteo says. Some fiber-rich ingredients common in supplements include:

Beta-glucans.
Glucomannan.
Guar gum.

Other ingredients

Fat burners can contain many other ingredients, too, such as:

Capsicum.
Chromium.
Conjugated linoleic acid.
Forskolin.
Fucoxanthin.
Garcinia cambogia.
Kelp.
Raspberry ketones.

Many supplements contain dozens of ingredients or more, so it can be hard to say how they might affect your health.

“Weight-loss supplements contain a whole slew of herbals and other ingredients, and the dosage isn’t always listed,” Matteo says. “I would not recommend using any of these over-the-counter fat burners.”

Are fat burners safe?

Fat burners have many strikes against them. They aren’t regulated, contain questionable ingredients and aren’t likely to give you a sculpted shape. And some of them are downright dangerous.

If you’re considering these supplements, talk it over with your doctor or a pharmacist first. “Patients aren’t always forthcoming about what supplements they’re taking. But ingredients in fat burners can interact with medications and cause serious problems, so it’s important to make sure your doctor is aware,” Matteo says.

Burning fat the natural way

Instead of fat-burning supplements, Matteo recommends looking at your diet instead. “You can take a natural approach, with foods and drinks that contain substances that may promote weight loss,” she says.

Coffee and green tea

To avoid excessive doses and possible side effects, Matteo advises steering clear of supplements containing caffeine or green tea extract. Instead, enjoy a couple of cups of brewed coffee or green tea to reap the possible benefits. “Just avoid adding a lot of cream and sugar, especially if your goal is to lose weight,” she adds.

Protein

“Our bodies have to work harder to break down protein than carbohydrates or fats, so increasing protein in your diet can boost your metabolism,” Matteo says. Protein also helps control appetite.

But too much protein can lead to eating a lot more calories than you need — meaning weight gain instead of weight loss. To avoid overdoing it, Matteo suggests getting protein from your food rather than protein shakes or supplements. “Chicken, turkey, eggs and fish are great sources of lean protein,” she says.

Fiber

Fiber is also a great go-to if you’re looking to lose fat. But supplements aren’t the best way to get it, Matteo says. “We digest dietary fibers best if we get them from food rather than supplements.” Luckily, there are many tasty high-fiber foods to choose from.

The bottom line

Unfortunately, there is no miracle supplement to safely melt away the pounds. “Everyone would like a quick fix. But if it sounds too good to be true, it probably is,” she adds. “When it comes to weight loss and burning fat, there’s no such thing as a magic pill.”

Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Policy

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How Do Fat Burners Work

The Complete Guide To Fat Burners